Thanks to digital technologies, music can be listened to almost anywhere and at any time at low cost and is an important part of everyday life for people of all ages and cultures. Whether listening to music in everyday life also contributes to the promotion of health and well-being and can be used in a targeted manner is increasingly being researched using the innovative method of “Ecological Momentary Assessment” (EMA). This chapter provides an overview of current findings in this young field of research and shows that listening to music in everyday life can improve mood, alleviate somatic complaints, and reduce stress. An overarching model of listening to music in everyday life integrates these findings, and the chapter further outlines possibilities for the development of flexible, everyday-based music-listening interventions. In addition, we provide methodological recommendations for the conceptualization and implementation of EMA studies aimed at investigating music listening in everyday life.