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In order to learn about elementary particles, it is necessary to very accurately measure their properties and reactions. This is easier said than done. For example, in the human body about 10,000 radioactive decays occur per second. About 10 to the power of 14 neutrinos cross the human body in the same time period and a few muons from cosmic radiation trigger reactions. We notice nothing of all this. This shows that, unlike objects of everyday life, elementary particles cannot be readily observed. A certain technical effort is required to detect them. How this is achieved is discussed in this chapter. First, we describe how elementary particles are generated and accelerated. Then various methods are discussed for detecting individual particles and determining their properties. These include charge, mass, spin, and momentum—this is exactly the information needed to draw conclusions about the reactions that have taken place.

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Experimental Basics

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Philip Bechtle,
  • Florian Bernlochner,
  • Herbi Dreiner,
  • Christoph Hanhart,
  • Josef Jochum,
  • Jörg Pretz,
  • Kristin Riebe

摘要

In order to learn about elementary particles, it is necessary to very accurately measure their properties and reactions. This is easier said than done. For example, in the human body about 10,000 radioactive decays occur per second. About 10 to the power of 14 neutrinos cross the human body in the same time period and a few muons from cosmic radiation trigger reactions. We notice nothing of all this. This shows that, unlike objects of everyday life, elementary particles cannot be readily observed. A certain technical effort is required to detect them. How this is achieved is discussed in this chapter. First, we describe how elementary particles are generated and accelerated. Then various methods are discussed for detecting individual particles and determining their properties. These include charge, mass, spin, and momentum—this is exactly the information needed to draw conclusions about the reactions that have taken place.