In everyday usage, the German term ‘Zitat’ (English: quotation or citation) is generally understood as the verbatim repetition of a text or speech. From this everyday understanding of the term emerges a relevant definiens shared by literary and legal approaches to the concept of citation: a citation constitutes a reference to something pre-existing; the act of quoting is accompanied by the act of repeating. It is the “presence of one text within another” (Genette 1993: 10) and, against this background, can be defined as a possible form of intertextual reference.