Utilitarianism and Cost-Benefit Analysis
摘要
Utilitarian Antisupererogationism is based on the Maximizing Principle that moral actors must always perform the action that maximizes the total happiness (see Sect. 5.1). This overwhelming principle is pushed to absurdity when Maximalist Supererogationism states that supererogators even joyfully do the maximum (see Sect. 5.2). According to Altruistic Supererogationism (see Sect. 5.3), there is a supererogation when the costs for the actor exceed the benefits for the beneficiary. This position faces overburden problems either. The Supererogationism of the Sufficiently Good has found followers in all supererogationist camps (see Sect. 5.4). According to this supererogationism, it is supererogation to do a better action than the minimum of duty demands. Its two central problems are clear boundaries between the minimum of duty and the supererogatory and antisupererogatinist doubts of whether duties can have a minimum.