The Public Sphere as a Space of Appearance (and the Fundamental Opacity of the Face-to-Face)
摘要
This chapter seeks to help closing the gap between public space and public sphere research by mapping Jürgen Habermas’s ideas of the public sphere as a discursive space onto Hannah Arendt’s ideas of public space as a space of appearance (and the sine qua non condition of political action). Foregrounding the emplacedness of the spatially dispersed communicative activities constituting the public sphere, it proposes a view of the public sphere as a stage on which certain things (and phenomena) appear as a result of communicative exchange. And while these appearances are decidedly not what Arendt had in mind when conceiving public space as a space of appearance, this chapter shows how her ocular, theatrical model of public space can help forward an understanding of the public sphere as a social space generative of political action. Ultimately, and extending on the pervious chapters, this chapter uses Arendt’s ideas to push beyond one of the most persistent limits of the Habermasian model of the public sphere: the stern belief in the face-to-face as the spatial form whose primary affordance, according to that belief, is transparent intersubjective exchange.