Every successful operation begins with the right indication, and this is particularly true for hernia surgery. Patients with symptomatic hernias benefit from hernia repair. For patients with asymptomatic hernias, the benefits of surgery must be weighed against potential complications, especially in those with multiple comorbidities. It is important to consider whether the hernia is an inguinal hernia, a primary ventral hernia, or an incisional hernia, as each type is treated separately in this chap ter.