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The article is dedicated to the description of African societies in French travelogues of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Despite often tendentious interpretations, the corresponding texts by missionaries, traders and naturalists reveal, to varying degrees, a form of striving for objectivity and systematics in speaking about these societies, which can be characterised with some justification as a form of proto-ethnography. A particular focus of the essay is on the handling of information gained from face-to-face situations and conversations, more precisely: the question of how the travelogues deal with the speech of the Other about his own society and whether and how situations of interpretation are reported and interpreters are made visible or invisible. The travel accounts on Senegal by the Franciscan Jean-Baptiste Gaby, the merchant Jacob Le Maire and the naturalists Michel Adanson and Francois Le Vaillant serve as case studies.

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Erste Schritte der Ethnografie im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert in Frankreich: die An- und Abwesenheit von afrikanischen Dolmetschern*

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • David Diop

摘要

The article is dedicated to the description of African societies in French travelogues of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Despite often tendentious interpretations, the corresponding texts by missionaries, traders and naturalists reveal, to varying degrees, a form of striving for objectivity and systematics in speaking about these societies, which can be characterised with some justification as a form of proto-ethnography. A particular focus of the essay is on the handling of information gained from face-to-face situations and conversations, more precisely: the question of how the travelogues deal with the speech of the Other about his own society and whether and how situations of interpretation are reported and interpreters are made visible or invisible. The travel accounts on Senegal by the Franciscan Jean-Baptiste Gaby, the merchant Jacob Le Maire and the naturalists Michel Adanson and Francois Le Vaillant serve as case studies.