The language criticism from Bacon to LockeLocke, John to CarnapCarnap, Paul Rudolf and WittgensteinWittgenstein, Ludwig denied the possibility of meaningful sentences in both metaphysics and literature. Sábato even attributes to the Vienna Circle of the 20th century the view that metaphysics was a branch of fantastic literature, a thesis that Borges made the focal point of his literary work: “El Círculo de Viena sostuvo que la metafísica es una rama de la literatura fantástica.”