Soccer in its modern form was shaped in England during the fall of 1863 where representatives of 11 English soccer clubs met in London to establish a universal set of game rules and standards, including banning a rougher variation known as “Folk Football”. Here, public schools played a prominent role in the development of the modern sport of soccer by building teams centered around the values of responsibility, team spirit and discipline (Hoffmeister, 2004). These schools established a fixed, organizational framework by creating the Football Association (FA), the world's first national soccer governing body. However, prior to this point of English origin, the historical development of soccer is not well known. Günther (1955) speaks of traditions surrounding a ball sport called Ts´uh-küh in China as early as 2600 BC, which can be considered as the oldest known Soccer game. Diem (1960) discusses TSU CHU, another variant from the period 200 BC and 221 AD. TSU CHU and Ts´uh-küh were both considerd a “folk” game, in which the ball was made of leather, filled with hair and feathers. It was for recreation on holidays and also played in a very rough and physical aggressive format (Lottermann, 1988). Other variations were often played in lower social classes, throughout the Middle Ages in England (Hurling, Knappan, Camping), France (Soule) and Italy (Calcio) (Lottermann, 1988). In the English andFrench versions, the game involved carrying a heavy leather ball through the city gate of a rival or neighboring village. Gameplay happened without formal rules or field boundaries, meaning these competitions were brutal, violent, and occasionally even fatal for some participants. In contrast, Italy’s “Calcio” was primarily for the upper class with established rules and a rectangular field boundary, meant to temper the gameplay for safety reasons. Despite this, gameplay was rough with physically intense duels and small brawls as participants were tasked with moving a round ball over a marked, continuous line on the narrow side (Bredekamp, 2001). In all these styles, compared to modern soccer, the ball did not have to move exclusively by foot.