Value Judgments in IAMs
摘要
This chapter provides a detailed taxonomy of the value judgments embedded in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and their outputs. It identifies eight aspects and areas of integrated modeling where value judgments influence scenario evidence, shaping how feasibility is assessed: (1) in choosing feasibility indicators and defining constraints, (2) in agenda-setting, (3) in the cost-effectiveness framework against other burden sharing principles, (4) in the conceptualization of well-being, (5) in representing global and social inequality, (6) in representing intergenerational inequality, especially in discounting future costs, (7) in defining the modeling domain, and (8) in the handling of uncertainty and inductive risk. For each aspect, the chapter explicates the embedded value judgments, contextualizes common modeling practices, and contrasts them with alternative value perspectives.