Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter
摘要
In a new era of space exploration, the Sun, corona, and heliosphere are being studied at near proximity to the Sun with state-of-the-art instruments flown on NASA’s current Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and ESA’s Solar Orbiter (SO) spacecraft. The payloads and unique orbits of both probes are described as well as their science objectives and some initial results. For the first time, PSP succeeded in flying so close to the Sun that it even stayed for some time within the Alfvén surface in the corona. Very fast local magnetic field reversals were frequently measured by PSP in the solar wind. SO flew its cameras closer to the Sun than any other spacecraft before and provided the best-resolution solar images in ultraviolet light to date. SO observed numerous campfires, small local brightenings in the ultraviolet light that are probably caused by reconnection of magnetic field lines.