Basis Principles of 3D Mapping Systems
摘要
3D mapping systems nowadays enable a safe and highly precise three-dimensional reconstruction of cardiac structures as well as a quick and accurate visualization of electroanatomical information, which allows both an overview of tissue properties and dynamic representations of the excitation process in cardiac arrhythmias. Furthermore, this systems increasingly reduce the need for X-ray radiation. The functionality of the three most commonly used mapping systems CARTO, EnSite Precision/EnSite X, and Rhythmia, their applications, and limitations are presented in this article.