Low-Dose Fluoroscopy
摘要
The performance of electrophysiological procedures with little or no radiation exposure is nowadays a quality feature of experienced EP centers. A multitude of technological achievements has made this development possible. This chapter presents ways to minimize the proportion of fluoroscopic imaging in electrophysiological procedures. In this context, software modifications in the operation of the X-ray system, possibilities of fluoroscopic image integration, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), and protective measures against ionizing radiation in the EP lab are presented.