Well-educated people regard chemistry as an experimental art brought into rules, useful for making soda and soap, fabricating better steel, and delivering good solid colors on silk and cotton [1]. As Liebig already complained in 1840, laypeople often believe that chemistry is an art of trial and error, which occasionally produces a new product by chance. It is not readily recognized that an idea or even a philosophy precedes the classic experiment in the natural sciences. The development of hypotheses is reflected upon and their verification or falsification is discussed.