There is a causal connection between dyslipidemia and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, optimizing the lipid profile through lifestyle changes and initiation of drug therapy is a cornerstone in primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. There are various classes of drugs available, which effectively lower LDL levels and through this can reduce cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular mortality. The LDL cholesterol target value is determined individually depending on comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the inclusion of non-HDL cholesterol levels in risk assessment is recommended. Lp(a) is an independent risk factors that should be addressed, especially if there is progress of coronary heart disease despite optimally adjusted LDL cholesterol levels.