Amyloidoses represent a group of diseases caused by the deposition of fibrillar proteins. This leads to dysfunction of the affected organ. The cause can be excessive production or a faulty folding of a physiologically occurring protein. Classification is based on the deposited precursor protein. Suspicion of amyloidosis should be particularly considered when symptoms of various organ systems are present. Precise diagnostics including laboratory tests and biopsy with immunohistology are important for the correct therapy selection. Due to advances in diagnostics, the disease group generally considered rare is increasingly being diagnosed. The new therapeutic options lead to a positive influence on the course of the patients’ disease. Since the prognosis essentially depends on the extent of the cardiac manifestation, a heart transplant may be necessary in individual cases. Interdisciplinary care of patients in a specialized center is sensible.