Population ageing is a global phenomenon that has profound implications for policy makers, industries and society at large. Germany and China are both experiencing such social changes and attempting to provide technological, economic and policy solutions. Despite the contextual differences between the two countries, Germany and China have complementary expertise and infrastructures, and collaboration between the two has the potential to foster substantial win–win scenarios for both. Throughout the course of human evolution, innovations have repeatedly enhanced the quality of life by providing solutions to emerging challenges. In a digital and network-centric world, speculative design has the capability to stimulate dialogue across disciplines and facilitate valuable innovations. This chapter showcases a digital health project carried out in partnership by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and ma ma Interactive Design and demonstrates the use and impact of design tools. Three aspects of the ageing population ecosystems were further elaborated. Care education with focus on the elderly and caregiving are exploring new modalities for interaction with future users. Long-term health insurance mechanisms will have to adapt to future scenarios. The enriching use of data has the potential to significantly influence policymakers and industry, as well as individual behaviour. Urban environments should be adapted to keep up with demographic changes. While digital health can offer new solutions for extended high quality of life, speculative design and ecosystem thinking can contribute to intensified Sino-Germany partnerships.