The preceding chapters of this book have outlined, step by step, how economic thinking regarding the role of nature in business processes must be expanded to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The starting point was an examination of fundamental economic variables such as GDP and comparative cost advantages, as well as the analysis of global value chains. Building on this, the concept of natural capital was examined in greater detail, and a distinction was drawn between this and the term nature as capital, i.e., a critical-normative engagement with the economic perspective on nature.