Chapter 5 operationalizes the study's analytical framework by conceptualizing and calibrating the institutional and historical conditions that shape less restrictive migration governance for low-skilled occupations (LILSO). The chapter develops three core explanatory conditions grounded in the premise that enduring macrostructures exert decisive influence on policy outcomes. First, Market-Oriented Socio-Economic System (MOSE) captures the institutional logic of capitalist production systems and welfare state regimes. Drawing on Varieties of Capitalism and welfare regime literatures, the analysis argues that market-based economies and liberal welfare states generate structural incentives for permissive LILSO governance. Second, High Potential for Exclusion in the Democratic System (XDEM) reflects how political institutions insulate policy-making from broad electoral pressures, combining low electoral proportionality and high governmental discretion. Third, Pro-Immigration Historical Legacies (HIST) incorporates path-dependent effects associated with settler-state experiences and post-colonial ties. For each condition, the chapter reviews relevant literature, specifies theoretical expectations, and details data sources and calibration choices using fuzzy-set methodology. Additionally, to interrogate the "numbers versus rights" hypothesis, the analysis integrates the respective alternative outcome—High Numbers or Moderate Rights Status—as an analytical condition. The chapter systematically presents raw data, calibration schemes, and calibration diagnostics for all conditions, establishing the empirical foundation for subsequent fsQCA. By assembling institutional and historical dimensions into a coherent configurational framework, the chapter enables comparative assessment of how different constellations of long-term structures contribute to distinct forms of less restrictive LILSO migration governance.