In this chapter, I examine the evolution of public pension policy in Bulgaria in the period from the establishment of the monarchy in the late 19th century to the communist takeover in 1944. In chronological order, I analyse the impact of five different authoritarian regimes on the institutional design of the public pension system: the monarchy in the period from the late 19th century to 1918, the left-wing electoral autocracy led by the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (1919–1923), the electoral autocracy under the conservative coalition of the Democratic Alliance between 1923 and the early 1930s, the right-wing military autocracy (1934–1935), and the monarchy from the mid-1930s until the coup d’état of 9 September 1944.