H2-ICE: Optimization Potential of Heavy-Duty Engines with Homogenous Lean LPDI Combustion Based on Variable Valvetrain Technologies
摘要
First hydrogen combustion engines will most likely go into series applying SI port-fuel injection, based on Diesel engine hardware. But it is already obvious that direct injection concepts will represent the second generation of mixture formation systems. Homogeneous-lean and spark ignited concepts based on low pressure direct injection (LPDI) represent a promising approach in this regard. Beside the challenges of injection nozzle design for mixture formation with good levels of homogeneity, the focus likewise is on high specific power density at best brake thermal efficiency and dynamic response. Variable valvetrain technologies can help to overcome those somehow opposing targets. This paper and presentation will discuss the layout process and optimization results of a H2-ICE with homogenous lean LPDI combustion based on a GT-Power simulation model derived from a state-of-the-art Diesel engine and by applying a fully variable valvetrain system on the intake. The fuel consumption reduction potential for relevant driving cycles will be presented and compared to the base configuration and a setup with fixed reduced valve lift profile on the intake (i.e., fixed Miller strategy), respectively. Furthermore, a second focus will be laid on the dynamic response of these investigated different configurations by an analysis and discussion of their Time-to-Torque performance capability in comparison to the Diesel reference. Further means to improve the dynamic response in addition to the benefits derived from a variable valvetrain (e.g., late injection, late combustion, or innovative turbo-charging bearing technologies) are presented and likewise evaluated.