This paper discusses the development and standardization of the Montenegrin language as well as its establishment as a second and foreign language. After Montenegro’s independence, Montenegrin was declared the official language in 2007, which made it necessary to create new curricula, textbooks, and orthographic standards. Teaching materials were developed for various target groups: children of Montenegrin emigrants, adult learners in Montenegro and abroad, as well as the Albanian-speaking minority. Instructional resources are methodologically based more on modern textbooks of major foreign languages, since hardly any models existed for Montenegrin itself. Summer courses and language programs promote the dissemination of the language, although there is still no systematic teacher training for Montenegrin as a foreign language. Challenges remain in developing age-appropriate materials, designing didactic concepts, and expanding digital resources to sustainably meet the growing demand for Montenegrin language instruction.