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This chapter describes the slow development of civil society in Romania since the 1989 transition to democracy. Conventional theoretical approaches fail to capture this development adequately. Due to the aftermath of severe repression during the communist regime, the opposition was initially limited in its development. The prospect of EU accession and investments by external actors provided new access to resources, which contributed to the professionalization of NGOs. However, the article shows that socioeconomic problems remain a barrier to wider social participation. Since 2013, a stronger role of civil society in democratization has been noticeable, but certain challenges remain and have contributed to the increasing destabilization of the Romanian population by populist parties, as in the 2024 elections.

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The Slow and Ambivalent Development of Civil Society in Romania

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Roxana Stoenescu

摘要

This chapter describes the slow development of civil society in Romania since the 1989 transition to democracy. Conventional theoretical approaches fail to capture this development adequately. Due to the aftermath of severe repression during the communist regime, the opposition was initially limited in its development. The prospect of EU accession and investments by external actors provided new access to resources, which contributed to the professionalization of NGOs. However, the article shows that socioeconomic problems remain a barrier to wider social participation. Since 2013, a stronger role of civil society in democratization has been noticeable, but certain challenges remain and have contributed to the increasing destabilization of the Romanian population by populist parties, as in the 2024 elections.