This central chapter addresses three important social aspects as well as the issues of war and peace, and examines the positions taken by Walter Rauschenbusch and Martin Rade on these matters. The discussion of social aspects focuses on the plight and rights of workers, particularly their loss of faith in the face of industrialization driven by capitalism; the attitudes of both protagonists toward women’s rights and minorities are also explored. Finally, the study turns to the question of war and peace, as the First World War represented a significant watershed not only for politics and culture, but also for theology and social ethics. In this context, the debate between Martin Rade and Karl Barth on the issue of war is also examined. The impact of the First World War on the question of God is likewise investigated.