This chapter illuminates the different relationships between large family associations (“clans”) and crime, drawing on existing empirical, journalistic and law-enforcement findings as well as on the international scholarly literature on criminal structures. First, it is examined to what extent “clans” as social entities exist at all and to what extent the members of these “clans” are engaged in crime. Then, the question is raised what significance “clans” have for the criminal behaviour of their members. Against the background of different manifestations of family-based crime described in the international literature, four scenarios of the connection between “clans” and crime are presented.