This concluding chapter synthesizes key findings from the case studies explored throughout the book and discusses them in relation to the conceptual framework. It reflects comparatively on urban governance challenges, contested access to housing and services, endangered common heritage, and resulting processes of social inclusion and exclusion in Amritsar and Lahore. Drawing on a comparative urbanism perspective, the chapter identifies both convergences and divergences between the two cities. It is structured around three core themes: governance and contested access, heritage and housing, and patterns of in/exclusion. The final sections discuss the research’s contributions to debates on South(east)ern urbanism, its limitations, and directions for future research.