Ron Scollon has studied the indigenous languages of Alaska and northern Canada, and has advised North American organizations and agencies on how to integrate the populations that originally spoke, or in some cases still speak, these languages. Scollon has found that the worldviews and understandings of members of these indigenous groups differ from those of North Americans of European descent at a level so fundamental that it is not even accessible to, or even conceivable within, the everyday understanding of the speakers. In addition, these world views differ in the ways in which they are communicated: Scollon develops different notions of narrative in the sense of telling the world. Scollon’s understanding of literacy is that it is a culturally specific understanding of the world, socialized as early as childhood.