The study of why people behave the way they do is the subject of numerous scientific disciplines and forms the basis for practical applications, including the design of behavioral infrastructure. To gain the most robust insights possible into people’s actual behavior, the choice of the appropriate method is essential. Since surveys can yield results with relatively little effort, they are often the method of choice. In comparison observation studies are rather labor-intensive and require a high level of expertise to achieve sufficient reliability. This chapter presents different methods of analyzing behavior and describes their advantages and disadvantages. Using a specific case study, the informative value of questionnaire studies and observation studies is compared, assessing to what extent they allow predictions about an actually displayed behavior. Even though structured behavioral observations may seem laborious, their contribution to an understanding of human behavior is essential.