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Direct air capture (DAC) is a key technology for achieving climate protection goals and producing climate-neutral carbon-based fuels and raw chemical materials. Currently, DAC facilities with in total a CO2 capture capacity of around 0.1 megatons per year (Mt/a) are operational with only a few (pre)commercial competitors worldwide. The required annual CO2 separation quantities from the air will be in the range of a few 1000 megatons per year by 2050. Thus DAC technologies have to be quickly industrialized and further scaled and to be prepared for operation at different locations with various environmental conditions around the world to achieve the cost targets of below 100 €/tCO2. ZSW has successfully developed a DAC process using an easy scalable scrubber technology and has implemented the technology in two demonstrators with a CO2 absorption capacity of 10 tCO2/a and 100 tCO2/a. The ZSW technology was successfully operated for a total of 13,000 operating hours for a proof of concept. Economic considerations show that with the ZSW technology on a scaling level of 100,000 tCO2/a and with electricity procurement costs of 15 €/MWh and high system utilization, CO2 supply costs in the range of 50–100 €/tCO2 can be achieved.

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Direct Air Capture – Technology Status and Challenges in Technology Scaling

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Marc-Simon Löffler,
  • Raphael Vollmer,
  • Ulrich Zuberbühler,
  • Dominik Roth,
  • Sebastian Thaler

摘要

Direct air capture (DAC) is a key technology for achieving climate protection goals and producing climate-neutral carbon-based fuels and raw chemical materials. Currently, DAC facilities with in total a CO2 capture capacity of around 0.1 megatons per year (Mt/a) are operational with only a few (pre)commercial competitors worldwide. The required annual CO2 separation quantities from the air will be in the range of a few 1000 megatons per year by 2050. Thus DAC technologies have to be quickly industrialized and further scaled and to be prepared for operation at different locations with various environmental conditions around the world to achieve the cost targets of below 100 €/tCO2. ZSW has successfully developed a DAC process using an easy scalable scrubber technology and has implemented the technology in two demonstrators with a CO2 absorption capacity of 10 tCO2/a and 100 tCO2/a. The ZSW technology was successfully operated for a total of 13,000 operating hours for a proof of concept. Economic considerations show that with the ZSW technology on a scaling level of 100,000 tCO2/a and with electricity procurement costs of 15 €/MWh and high system utilization, CO2 supply costs in the range of 50–100 €/tCO2 can be achieved.