In this section, the theoretical background of the MAP study is presented in an overview and cross-linked manner. Figuratively speaking, in this chapter, the first draft of the map of the area of outdoor mathematics is filled with contents and landscape around the regions of modelling, argumentation and problem-solving. To see which kinds of conditions are already existent for the map, first the topic of outdoor mathematics is examined theoretically in general and second in terms of modelling, argumentation and problem-solving and their surroundings in particular.