This chapter conveys fundamental biochemical principles by illustrating technical applications to spark interest in biochemistry and illustrate its significance for technology and societal development. The chapter focuses on making biochemical concepts understandable through examples from technical and medical practice, without delving into detailed metabolic pathways. Technical Biochemistry differs from classical biotechnology in its focus on the development of biochemical processes for technical applications, particularly using microorganisms. The goal is to optimize the production of chemical compounds, for which suitable production organisms are genetically modified and cultivated under controlled conditions in bioreactors. This approach requires the optimization of nutrient media, the adjustment of the producer's physiology, and the design of efficient enzymes. Modern biotechnological methods integrate bioinformatics and biocatalysis to control complex biological reactions in industrial fermentation processes.