The economic journey through time begins with the Stone Age. While the hunters and gatherers of the Stone Age were self-sufficient, the people of the Neolithic Age at the latest developed into sedentary shepherds and farmers. With the onset of division of labor, everyone specialized in what they could do best and traded the rest. The hunters hunted game and traded skinned pelts for the farmers’ food. Thus, the primitive barter economy benefited all participants. In antiquity, ethical issues were at the forefront of economic reflections, while in the Middle Ages, Christian values and ideas, among other things, flowed into considerations of a fair price (“iustum pretium”), exchange fairness, and fair distribution (Thomas Aquinas). In the pre-classical period, current considerations of the early modern period were added. The pragmatist and French finance minister Colbert wanted to secure as much money as possible for the state in the course of mercantilism. The French doctor Quesnay focused his considerations and his “tableau économique” more on agriculture.