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The latest proposals by CARB (California Air Resources Board) for Tier 5 legislation forecast significant tightening of pollutant emissions e.g., NOx while also extending testing conditions, leading to exceptional challenges in powertrain development. In addition, the discussed reduction of CO2 emissions enforces a continuous reduction in fuel consumption. For this purpose, an optimal calibration of engine-based thermal management in combination with an advanced EAT (Emission After Treatment) layout are key technologies. Furthermore, cold start and testing with low load cycles may also require external EAT heating measures. In this study, a systematic investigation is carried out by means of a model-based holistic approach, targeting an EAT layout definition and optimal thermal management calibration to comply. A close-coupled dual-stage SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) with twin dosing is considered to minimize the fuel penalty during heat up phases. An optimization of the engine hardware concept and the engine thermal management is carried out and the potentials regarding CO2 emissions are quantified. This study shows that the proposed emission limits can be reached with a dual-stage SCR system. Implementing a keep-warm operation mode for low-load operation also paves the way for reaching NOx-limits within the new Low Load Application Cycle (LLAC).

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Exhaust Aftertreatment for Future Emission Legislation for Non-Road Vehicles

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Jelto Frerichs,
  • Martin Weber,
  • Joseph Dembler,
  • Hubertus Ulmer,
  • Thaddaeus Delebinski

摘要

The latest proposals by CARB (California Air Resources Board) for Tier 5 legislation forecast significant tightening of pollutant emissions e.g., NOx while also extending testing conditions, leading to exceptional challenges in powertrain development. In addition, the discussed reduction of CO2 emissions enforces a continuous reduction in fuel consumption. For this purpose, an optimal calibration of engine-based thermal management in combination with an advanced EAT (Emission After Treatment) layout are key technologies. Furthermore, cold start and testing with low load cycles may also require external EAT heating measures. In this study, a systematic investigation is carried out by means of a model-based holistic approach, targeting an EAT layout definition and optimal thermal management calibration to comply. A close-coupled dual-stage SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) with twin dosing is considered to minimize the fuel penalty during heat up phases. An optimization of the engine hardware concept and the engine thermal management is carried out and the potentials regarding CO2 emissions are quantified. This study shows that the proposed emission limits can be reached with a dual-stage SCR system. Implementing a keep-warm operation mode for low-load operation also paves the way for reaching NOx-limits within the new Low Load Application Cycle (LLAC).