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Three decades after the proclaimed “end of history” and “global resurgence of democracy”, scholars repeatedly warned of the reversed phenomenon on the rise. In 2022, the Varieties of Democracy Institute reported that “the level of democracy enjoyed by the average global citizen in 2021 is down to 1989 levels—the last 30 years of democratic advances are now eradicated.” This trend has multiple labels including “autocratization”, “democratic breakdown”, “backsliding”, “de-democratization”, “authoritarian reconsolidation”, and many others.

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Election Monitoring Civil Society Organizations in Georgia in Times of Democratization and Autocratization

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Galina Selivanova

摘要

Three decades after the proclaimed “end of history” and “global resurgence of democracy”, scholars repeatedly warned of the reversed phenomenon on the rise. In 2022, the Varieties of Democracy Institute reported that “the level of democracy enjoyed by the average global citizen in 2021 is down to 1989 levels—the last 30 years of democratic advances are now eradicated.” This trend has multiple labels including “autocratization”, “democratic breakdown”, “backsliding”, “de-democratization”, “authoritarian reconsolidation”, and many others.