Neural networks, as already mentioned in the introduction, are among the most important algorithms in the fields of AI research and machine learning (ML). In recent years, there has been an extremely dynamic development in this area. We can only refer to the various extensions of the basic logic of neural networks, which are partly hardly comprehensible, through individual examples in this introduction. As with the other chapters, the main aim here is to present the general logic of these special (and very diverse) algorithms in such a way that it becomes possible and meaningful to engage with the latest developments on one’s own.