The fulfillment of legal requirements has a high value, which is primarily defined by the expected costs of a proven non-compliance. This also means that a manufacturer has no interest in exceeding these requirements, unless this is rewarded by the buyer as additional added value; rather, a manufacturer will try to meet the legal requirements as closely as possible. Anything beyond this causes higher costs or disadvantages in other criteria, e.g. the lifespan of the particulate filter or the consumption of operating supplies. The economic consequences can be well observed in the example of Volkswagen, as many figures are publicly known here.