In the 21st Century, teacher shortages have become a serious challenge for education systems in countries across the globe. Some factors that compound the problem of teacher shortage in Australia include an aging workforce, lower salaries compared to other careers requiring similar levels of education and experience, a high workload demanded of teachers, especially when curriculum, compliance and administrative concerns are considered, and the low esteem with which the teaching profession is regarded. The workforce shortages facing Australian schools are exacerbated by declining enrolments in initial teacher education programs, increased numbers of students not completing their teacher qualifications and increasing numbers of students in primary and secondary schools. One approach that addresses the problem of teacher shortage is to offer alternative pathways to teaching qualifications, including employment-based pathways. These pathways require strong partnerships between initial teacher education providers and schools. A second approach, that is gathering momentum in Australia, is to encourage professionals from other careers to consider teaching as a possible career choice. Targeting ‘change of career’ teachers through aggressive marketing campaigns has increased markedly in recent years. Offering courses for career changers to ‘earn as they learn’ and which do not require a return to full-time on-campus studying has provided a flexibility of delivery not seen in traditional initial teacher education programs.