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Phenolic compounds, represented by flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, phenolic acids, and lignans, are bioactive molecules synthesized through the secondary metabolism of plants. They exhibit significant therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and even neuroprotective activities. The Caatinga biome, the only one exclusive to Brazil, is characterized by severe climatic variations and high endemism, representing a promising yet understudied source of these compounds. The objective of this chapter is to consolidate current knowledge on the phenolic compounds of representative plant species from the Caatinga, correlating ecological and phytogeographical aspects with their biological potential. Initially, the morphological and physiological adaptations of the flora and the context of the semiarid climate are detailed. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the structural and functional importance of phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins), emphasizing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. It is concluded that the rich biodiversity of the Caatinga offers a vast reservoir of phenolic compounds, essential for the development of new pharmaceuticals.

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Phenolic Compounds of Plant Species from the Caatinga Biome: Northeast Brazil

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Fabíola Fernandes Galvão Rodrigues,
  • Ana Maria Fernandes Duarte,
  • Ingrid Raiane Ferreira dos Santos,
  • João Vitor Facundo Xenofonte,
  • Jonas Felipe de Lima Pereira,
  • Maria Alice Macêdo Ribeiro,
  • Mariana Pereira da Silva,
  • José Galberto Martins da Costa

摘要

Phenolic compounds, represented by flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, phenolic acids, and lignans, are bioactive molecules synthesized through the secondary metabolism of plants. They exhibit significant therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and even neuroprotective activities. The Caatinga biome, the only one exclusive to Brazil, is characterized by severe climatic variations and high endemism, representing a promising yet understudied source of these compounds. The objective of this chapter is to consolidate current knowledge on the phenolic compounds of representative plant species from the Caatinga, correlating ecological and phytogeographical aspects with their biological potential. Initially, the morphological and physiological adaptations of the flora and the context of the semiarid climate are detailed. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the structural and functional importance of phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins), emphasizing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. It is concluded that the rich biodiversity of the Caatinga offers a vast reservoir of phenolic compounds, essential for the development of new pharmaceuticals.