Pineapple (Ananas comosus), a widely consumed tropical fruit, is susceptible to postharvest diseases, including internal browning and black spot, caused by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme. In view of these challenges, it is imperative to identify effective and sustainable solutions that can ensure the quality and preservation of fruit. The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate strategies to protect pineapple from internal browning and black spot, while maintaining its quality and phytochemical profile, with the aim of increasing its competitiveness in the international market. The study showed that the implementation of appropriate agricultural techniques, such as irrigation and the cultivation of resistant varieties, is crucial in mitigating these diseases. Although postharvest treatments based on fungicides such as benomyl yielded inconclusive results, the use of biocontrol methods, including the application of elicitors such as methyl jasmonate and polyphenols, showed greater efficacy in enhancing pineapple’s inherent resistance to fungal infections. In addition, storage techniques such as controlled atmosphere and heat treatments have shown efficacy in delaying browning and maintaining fruit quality. In conclusion, the integration of sustainable practices that combine biocontrol and innovative postharvest technologies is essential to protect pineapple from internal browning and black spot. These approaches improve fruit quality while addressing the challenges of overuse of pesticides, providing viable solutions for sustainable, competitive agriculture.