Stereotomy is the art of building with small structural elements, geometrically refined, which allow the construction of architectural systems with triple value: aesthetic, static, and functional. A sense of constructive rationalization is inherent to the discipline of stereotomy which permits the optimization of structural form through the knowledge of geometry and cutting techniques and to simplify it using advanced technologies and techniques for design and production of building elements. While originally formulated in the sixteenth–seventeenth century, stereotomy is valuable in contemporary architecture, and research about it continues today in various centers around the world. This chapter traces the fundamental aspects of the history of stereotomy and its development to the present day, touching on its geometrical principles and mentioning some important examples.