The utilization of optical satellite images has become instrumental in lithological and alteration assessments, enabling the differentiation of diverse circular structures. This study specifically focuses on mapping volcanic massifs in the Hoggar region using remote sensing techniques, with a strong emphasis on evaluating alteration degrees based on VNIR and SWIR spectra. The application of the Crosta technique, involving the assignment of F (iron oxide image), F+H, and H (hydroxyl image) images to RGB primary colors, proves effective in delineating hydroxyl and iron oxide alterations within volcanic massifs. The introduction of PC1, showcasing maximum variance among terrestrial materials, further enhances the technique’s proficiency in mapping volcanic lava flows and deciphering alteration patterns. Through comparative analyses of the proposed technique’s application on various circular structures, including impact structures (Tin Bider and Ouarkziz) and volcanic structures (Achkal and In-Roundoum), the results reveal distinctive features. Volcanic structures exhibit clear contrasts with their host rocks, while impact structures are practically indistinguishable from them. This study concludes by underscoring the practical utility of remote sensing techniques in the study of circular structures and emphasizes the critical importance of understanding their origins.