The Tiléouine mafic and ultramafic complex is located in the western part of Tuareg Shield, between the Tassendjanet terrane to the east and the In Ouzzal terrane to the west. The Tiléouine complex exhibits high-pressure units (eclogites and garnet-bearing amphibolites), mafic and ultramafic intrusions in Paleoproterozoic orthogneiss, and high-temperature units (garnet-bearing metanorites and garnet-free amphibolites) outcropping within metatonalites with mineralogical compositions typical of high-pressure granulite and amphibolite facies metamorphism. The high-temperature units have distinct geochemical signatures from the high-pressure units and the magmatic intrusions. As for garnet-bearing metanorites, detailed phase relationships reveal reactions evidenced by symplectites of orthopyroxene + plagioclase + hornblende and exsolution lamellae of orthopyroxene and plagioclase in clinopyroxene. Preservation of quartz-bearing assemblage in garnet indicates peak conditions typical of high-pressure granulite. Calculated P-T pseudosections and thermobarometry indicate decompression with cooling, from 13 kbar –940 °C to 4 kbar –500 °C, i.e., from granulite to greenschist facies. In addition, the prograde path was constrained using the pre-peak mineral assemblages preserved in garnet, yielding 9 kbar and 975 °C. Major and trace element data indicate a tholeiitic arc signature enriched in LILE with negative Th, U, and Nb anomalies. These results, together with field investigations from previous studies, suggest that garnet-bearing metanorites and garnet-free amphibolites record the subduction of a tholeiitic arc magma exhumed during the Panafrican event, which is contemporaneous with the high-pressure units.