Man made different problems in the environment during the change of the balance in ecosystem by adding different chemical compounds, such as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), textile dyes, heavy metals, and dioxins. These compounds affect the growth and development of microorganisms and plants and seriously harm the health of animals and humans. Some of these compounds may disrupt the normal function of the central nervous system and cause changes in the blood content and adversely affect the function of the lungs, kidneys, liver, and other organs. The long-term action of chemical compounds may cause the development of cancer, allergy, dystrophy, physical and neurological degenerative processes, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. At the same time, also fertilizers, pesticides, and sewage were contaminated by soil and water from industrial plants. Many physiochemical methods are available for the treatment of chemical compounds of wastewater, but these methods possess a constraint due to their limited versatility, high cost, low efficiency, and interference by other wastewater constituents. These physicochemical methods also produce a lot of sludge posing a threat as secondary pollutant. However, biological methods are available which are eco-friendly and completely mineralize organic pollutants. These methods are expensive and eco-friendly and have a wide range of applicability, low running cost, and complete mineralization of chemical compounds to nontoxic compounds. These methods are dependent on microorganisms used in aerobic and anaerobic conditions such as bacteria and fungi, algae, and other organisms present in environment; additionally, phytoremediation is a technology that should be considered for remediation of contaminated sites because of its cost-effectiveness, aesthetic advantages, and long-term applicability. This technology can be applied for metal pollutants that are amenable to phyto-stabilization, phytoextraction, phyto-transformation, or rhizosphere bioremediation.