Environmental sustainability has become a critical criterion in the selection of consumer goods, including textiles. Increasing awareness of the ecological impact of textile effluents has led to growing societal pressure on manufacturers to adopt sustainable production methods. In response, research has intensified into innovative, environmentally friendly technologies such as plasma treatment, biotechnology, ultrasonic processing, supercritical carbon dioxide, and laser applications. These methods offer distinct advantages over conventional wet processing, including the elimination of harmful chemicals, reduced water consumption, and lower energy consumption. This chapter outlines the pollution challenges associated with conventional textile processing and highlights advanced physical and biochemical techniques that support sustainable manufacturing. Notably, enzyme-based bio-preparation and natural dyeing now at technology readiness levels (TRL) 8–9 demonstrate high potential for industrial-scale adoption, offering reduced environmental impact while maintaining fiber integrity and performance.