Habitable planet properties can be significantly influenced by gravitational interactions with their host star(s), companion planets, and natural satellites. Gravitational perturbations from neighboring planets can modify a planet’s orbital and rotational properties, which are primary drivers of climate and habitability. Planets on tight orbits can be tidally deformed by a large gravitational gradient across their diameters, generating friction that heats the interior. The induced asymmetry creates a torque that shrinks and circularizes orbits, drives rotational frequencies to the orbital frequency, and damps obliquities to 0. Large natural satellites can overwhelm the rotational perturbations of stars and planets, but they are unstable for habitable planets orbiting stars less than half as massive as the Sun. These gravitational interactions can produce complex evolutionary trajectories, but theoretical models can be applied to almost any system to provide a reasonable representation of a habitable planet’s orbital and rotational history.