Maybe Alice and Bob Are the Same? Cybersecurity Awareness Preferences Among Swedish Men and Women
摘要
Cybersecurity awareness (CSA) is widely recognized as a critical component of digital resilience, complementing technical safeguards by influencing users’ knowledge, behavior, and decision-making. Despite substantial investment in awareness initiatives, their effectiveness remains inconsistent, prompting increased interest in how individual factors shape engagement with and uptake of cybersecurity information. Among these factors, gender has been discussed in prior research, yet findings remain mixed and often lack attention to learning and delivery preferences. This study investigates whether and to what extent gender differences exist in cybersecurity awareness preferences within a national, Swedish, context. A large-scale survey was conducted with 2,149 respondents in Sweden using a stratified sampling approach to ensure representativeness across age and gender. The survey examined preferences related to CSA delivery methods, timing, sources of information, time willingness, and desired characteristics of awareness content. Statistical analyses compared responses from men and women using significance testing and effect size measures, with additional analyses excluding IT professionals to control for occupational bias. The results indicate that while many gender-based differences are statistically significant, the observed effect sizes are consistently small. Both men and women express similar overall preferences, particularly favoring flexible and on-demand access to cybersecurity information, such as email-based communication and digital lectures. Notable but limited differences include women showing stronger preferences for information from governmental sources and email delivery, while men more frequently favor IT companies and on-demand materials. Across both groups, interest in engaging with CSA is generally high.