Cooperative Credit Banks (CCBs) are indeed a cornerstone of the cooperative movement and the European banking sector, with historical roots in Italy dating back to the late nineteenth century and inspired by the social values of the Catholic Church. This chapter, after highlighting the role of CCBs in Europe, presents a brief historical overview of CCBs in Italy, outlining the impact of the recent regulatory reform on the organizational structure and governance models of CCBs. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the main peculiarities of CCBs that make them “hybrid” banks, as they pursue both profitability objectives and community-oriented goals by facilitating access to credit for families and small businesses and combating poverty and usury.