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The present study focuses on the assessment of the rheological and chemical characteristics and the ageing sensitivity of binders bio-modified with microchlorella (MCL), chlorella (CL) and olive-waste derived biochar (BC). A total of three bio-modified binders were produced for each type of modifier at percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of bitumen. The rheological properties of the binders were evaluated via the rutting (G*/sinδ) and fatigue cracking (G*✕sinδ) factors with a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The molecular characteristics were assessed with two distinct spectroscopic techniques, namely Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Two rheological and four physicochemical ageing indexes were considered to assess the ageing sensitivity of the binders. An improvement of the rutting resistance at the expense of fatigue behavior was observed after the bio-modifications. Furthermore, the large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups within biomaterials brought about an increase of the absorbance in the sulfoxide and carbonyl regions. The evaluation of the ageing sensitivity was not consistent across all ageing metrics highlighting the selectivity and distinction between rheological and physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, the FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques should be utilised in a complementary manner since each method offers distinct information regarding the structural characteristics of the binders. Finally, strong chemorheological correlations were established, especially between G*/sinδ and the FTIR-based metrics.

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A Multi-Technique Investigation of Algae and Biochar as Bio-Modifiers for Bitumen via Rheology, FTIR and 1H-NMR Spectroscopy

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Stavros Kalampokis,
  • Johannes Mirwald,
  • Alexis D. Kouvelas,
  • Georgios Pipintakos,
  • Wim Van den bergh,
  • Ioannis N. Lykakis,
  • Bernhard Hofko,
  • Evangelos Manthos

摘要

The present study focuses on the assessment of the rheological and chemical characteristics and the ageing sensitivity of binders bio-modified with microchlorella (MCL), chlorella (CL) and olive-waste derived biochar (BC). A total of three bio-modified binders were produced for each type of modifier at percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of bitumen. The rheological properties of the binders were evaluated via the rutting (G*/sinδ) and fatigue cracking (G*✕sinδ) factors with a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The molecular characteristics were assessed with two distinct spectroscopic techniques, namely Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Two rheological and four physicochemical ageing indexes were considered to assess the ageing sensitivity of the binders. An improvement of the rutting resistance at the expense of fatigue behavior was observed after the bio-modifications. Furthermore, the large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups within biomaterials brought about an increase of the absorbance in the sulfoxide and carbonyl regions. The evaluation of the ageing sensitivity was not consistent across all ageing metrics highlighting the selectivity and distinction between rheological and physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, the FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques should be utilised in a complementary manner since each method offers distinct information regarding the structural characteristics of the binders. Finally, strong chemorheological correlations were established, especially between G*/sinδ and the FTIR-based metrics.