The Indian construction industry, valued at over USD 1 trillion, is very often plagued by delays in schedules and cost overruns. In this context, the study investigates Lean Construction methodologies, namely, Just-In-Time to enhance material efficiency and Takt Time Planning for workflow coordination. A review of the literature and case studies in Indian metro, residential, and infrastructure projects is carried out to assess the viability and benefits of these techniques. The findings reveal that delays in projects in India are mainly due to fragmented supply chains, unreliable workflows, and poor production control. The review further proves that integrated JIT and Takt Time, when implemented, has the power to transform project execution into a predictable, rhythmic workflow, while case studies have presented cycle time reductions up to 15–28% and enhancements in workflow reliability up to 40%. Principal barriers to implementation include fragmented supply chains, skill gaps in the workforce, and resistance to change. This framework is designed to assist practitioners in overcoming the identified barriers and facilitating the adoption of Lean methodologies. Findings support the conclusion that an integrated JIT and Takt Time approach will substantially improve workflow, reduce waste, and optimize project completion timelines, thus providing a strategic solution to improve time performance in the Indian construction sector.