Small rural construction projects are also important in the construction of local infrastructure and offering jobs in Gujarat. Nevertheless, the occupational health and safety (OHS) of such projects is often a problem because of the informal nature of the labor organization, the absence of safety training, and the lack of knowledge about the rules to follow. The present study conducts a systematic review of existing literature and regulatory measures to analyse the major factors affecting occupational health and safety in rural, small-scale construction projects in Gujarat. The analysis of the most important hazards includes musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory problems, and heat stress, whereas the gaps in the implementation of the current policies like the OSHWC Code 2020 and Gujarat OSH Rules 2025 are also mentioned. Similar research in developing countries has provided comparative insights that the combination of community-based and digital reporting as well as affordable protective technologies could play a major role in enhancing safety. The paper ends with proposing a situational model that focuses on regulatory enforcement, community involvement, and technology-based interventions that will enhance the occupational health and safety management features in rural construction industries of Gujarat.